世新大學九十二學年度第二部轉學生考試
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學 系 別 |
考 試 科 目 |
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經濟學系 |
經濟學 |
＊ 考生請於答案卷內作答
一、選擇題。(每題2分，共20分)
1. Let Q d
stand for the quantity demanded, Q s stand for the quantity
supplied, and P stand
for price. If Q d = 20 - 2P and Q
s = 5 + 3P, then the equilibrium quantity is (a) 3. (b) 5. (c) 14. (d)
20.
2. A fall in the price of X
from $12 to $8 causes an increase in the quantity of Y demanded from 900 to
1,100 units. X and Y are (a) substitutes. (b) complements.
(c) normal goods. (d) inferior
goods.
3. If demand is elastic, a leftward shift of the supply curve will (a) decrease total
revenue. (b) increase total revenue. (c) have no effect on total revenue. (d) decrease
the demand for the good.
4. When long-run average costs
increase as output increases, there are (a) economies of scale. (b) diseconomies of scale. (c) constant
returns to scale. (d) constant marginal costs.
5. A nation can consume at a
point outside its production possibility frontier (PPF) (a) when it trades with
other nations. (b) when it produces inefficiently. (c)
when its PPF is bowed out. (d) none
of the above.
6. If a market basket of goods
cost $200 in the base year and $250 in a later year, the consumer price index
(CPI) in the later year equals (a) 200. (b) 250. (c) 125. (d) 80.
7. The quantity theory of money
asserts that an increase in the quantity of money (a) will decrease the price
level by an offsetting amount. (b) by n percent will
lead to an increase in the price level by n+1 percent. (c) will
lead to an equal percentage increase in real GDP. (d) will
lead to an equal percentage increase in the price level.
8. The opportunity cost of
holding money is the (a) interest rate. (b) price of
goods and services. (c) level of wage and rental
income. (d) ease with which an asset can become money.
9. Suppose that wage contracts
between workers and employers are based on an expected inflation rate of 3% and
a 5% increase in money wages is agreed upon. If inflation actually equals 7%,
real wages (a) rise. (b) fall. (c) do
not change. (d) may change but more information is
needed to determine if they rise, fall, or stay the same.
10. A country has a comparative
advantage in producing a good if in comparison to any other country,
it can produce that good (a) with less labor. (b) with
a smaller weighted average of inputs. (c) at lower average
cost. (d) at a lower opportunity cost.
二、是非題。每題皆須就答案提出說明或計算過程。(每題4分，共20分)
1. 若消費者對某商品的需求價格較高，表示消費者對該商品的評價較高，因此實際的購買量也就較多。
2. 獨占廠商為追求利潤極大，一定會選在需求彈性大於一的階段生產。
3. 名目GDP與實質GDP 的差別在於加總過程中，後者不計入中間財的市場價值。
4. 假設物價水準固定不變。為提振經濟景氣，如果政府同時增加支出與稅收，則不僅可以維持預算平衡而且也不會造成排擠效果。
5. 若一美元可兌換的新台幣由34元提高為35元，表示新台幣貶值，將使我國進口商的美元價格降低而有利於進口。
三、問答題。(每題15分，共60分)
1. 請解釋，當市場為完全競爭市場結構時，在長期均衡下，何以即使廠商經濟利潤為0，依然選擇留在市場而不是退出市場?
2. 在台灣，夏日是否限水與如何限水在近年一直是個重要的問題。請問，你認為水的需求的價格彈性大或小? 說明你的看法，並針對夏日用水以價制量的建議提出評估。
3. 台灣已進入低利率時代。請問，中央銀行可以採用哪些方法引導利率向下調整？並說說看，欲以降低利率的方式提振經濟景氣，主要途徑與可能的困難為何?
4. 請說明何謂外部性，並舉出二個例子。日前全台灣面對擴張的SARS疫情，衛生署呼籲全民戴口罩與量體溫;同時間，幼兒的疫苗注射率減少約二成。請以外部性的概念提出你對上述事件的看法。